(1) See
technology singularity.
(2) (Singularity) An experimental operating system from Microsoft for the x86 platform written almost entirely in C#, a .NET managed code language. Released in 2007, Singularity is a non-Windows research project.
Like Windows, there is only one address space, but for security and crash protection, it runs each OS or application process in an environment called a "software-isolated process" (SIP). Unlike other OS architectures, SIPs and the interprocess communications between them are analyzed for compliance at compile time. In addition, when a program is installed, it must include a manifest of its actions that comply with certain rules. For more information, visit http://research.microsoft.com/os/singularity.