Substrate is an American startup that claims to revolutionize the way chips are made. It was founded in 2022 by brothers James and Oliver Proud. Substrate is using a particle accelerator and X-ray lithography instead of the lasers and EUV method in ASML machines, which is the state-of-the-art lithographic chip process today.
Substrate claims that by 2030, it will cost $50 billion to build a new chip fab, and 300-millimeter wafers will cost $100,000 to make. The company claims its method will only be roughly $10,000 per wafer. See
EUV machine and
foundry.