Following are the three major LCD technologies, each with advantages and disadvantages. See
pixel response time and
refresh rate.
TN (Twisted Nematic)
TN is the original LCD technology with excellent response times as low as 1 ms and high refresh rates up to 240 Hz. At 144 Hz, TN panels are much less expensive than IPS. TN screens make the best gaming monitors for speed; however, their visual quality is not as good as IPS or VA. See
LCD types.
IPS (In-Plane Switching)
IPS and all its varieties (S-IPS, H-IPS, e-IPS, P-IPS and AHVA) provide a better visual experience than TN with better contrast ratio and color accuracy. IPS also has a greater viewing angle. IPS response times are generally no faster than 4 ms, and monitors with 144 Hz refresh rates are expensive. See
IPS panel.
VA (Vertical Alignment)
Fujitsu developed VA panels in the mid-1990s with high contrast ratios. Its narrow viewing angle compared to IPS was later improved with Fujitsu's MVA and AU Optronics' AMVA variations (see
MVA). However, except for pricier models, VA response times are slow, and ghosting may occur. VA screens are touted as the middle ground between low-end TN and high-end IPS panels.