Before AT&T was broken up in 1984 by court order, the Bell System referred to AT&T and all the Bell Telephone companies that were part of it, but had separate names to provide a regional flavor. The Bell name, of course, came from Alexander Graham Bell. See
AT&T,
Divestiture and
RBOC.
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As AT&T grew to be the largest corporation in the U.S., the Bell name became synonymous with telecommunications. New England Telephone & Telegraph was one of AT&T's 23 operating companies before Divestiture.