(1) See
grid computing.
(2) An electrical power distribution network that includes two-way, digital communications between producers and consumers in addition to transmitting electricity. For example, when power is least expensive throughout the day, the smart grid could turn on selected home appliances such as washing machines or factory processes that can run at arbitrary hours.
A smart grid includes an intelligent monitoring system that keeps track of all electricity flowing in the system. It also incorporates the use of superconductive transmission lines for less power loss, as well as the capability of integrating alternative sources of electricity such as solar and wind. See
smart.